Compensation by R. W. Emerson

    The poem ‘‘Compensation’’ written by R. W. Emerson. Poem stands with the idea of

                  ‘Balance in Imbalance’.

    Poet describes balance and imbalance in human beings. When poet seemed people on the surface level he finds out that there is no equality but when he goes into deep and fined out that there is equality in human beings.

   He proved that with the philosophical way rather he applied ‘‘Buddhist Philosophy’’ to prove his argument that every human being is unique and no one is superior or inferior. This uniqueness makes all human beings equal otherwise there is no equality among people. Because everyone have their own unique personality rather talent through which they becomes different and that is why they are unique.

    On the other side when someone wants to be equal to someone it’s suggest that they are not happy with their position and also wants to be equal to that person’s position. Every person has their own talent which others do not have. So, poet’s aim is to be compensed rather satisfied with what you have. And if people want to be happy, be giver or Datta.

       As T. S. Eliot talked about in ‘‘The Waste Land’’ that what is more important-

   What have we? Or

   What have we given?

    So, the important thing is what we have given. One has to be sacrifice. Because it is only the medium through which one should be happy and one should feel ‘‘Shantih, Shantih, Shantih’’. So, the Indian philosophy of ‘KARMA’ is very applicable here.

O'Neill's prominent concern with the play 'The Hairy Ape'.

The Hairy Ape

                 Eugene O’Neill

     All of O’Neill’s plays are written from a personal point of view and reflect on the tragedy of the human condition. His plays deal especially with the American history and social movements.

        Yank is the protagonist of the play who is portrayed as a British and laborer who searches for a sense of belonging in a world controlled by the rich like Nazareth Steel. The play is divided into eight scenes and there are many laborers like Yank in the play with some high class characters like Mildred Douglas, her Aunt, the secretary at I.W.W, A Gentle man, Second engineer, etc. Yank’s fellow workers are Paddy, Long and other firemen. So, from the very beginning O’Neill has started presenting the class difference with the use of language and other description.

O’Neill’s prominent concern:

        O’Neill’s real intention behind writing such a mini play is to only figure out the situation of oppressed industrial working people or class. No doubt, the play is the representation of classification but it also demonstrates how the working class people are treated by their masters or rather by their upper class people. Mildred Douglas is from upper class society and she behaves very rudely with Yank and calls him ‘a filthy beast’ which makes him undergoes a crisis of identity. Before that Yank feels that he is the master of the ship as he is the leader of his working group and engine of the ship ‘Transatlantic Ocean Liner’. This play also presents how the society is divided into two parts specifically the upper class and the lower class.

    Moreover he talked about the things that everyone has the mentality to be master but those who are slave they also wants to be master because master wants to control over slave and slave who wants to be mater due to that no one ruled over them. And Yank is best example of that kind of person. So, there we find out the master – slave mentality.

  The masters are just like the Ring Master and the slaves like Yank, Paddy, Long and others are just like their pet animals who are played by their ring master. People like or rather masters like Nazareth Steel exploit their workers who belong to industrialist society. Same thing we find out in Robinson Crusoe that he also wants to be master and also wants to rule over Friday. So, there we find out master-slave mentality.

   Throughout the play Yank searches for his real identity but finds none. O’Neill indirectly asks very significant or suggestive question like; what is more important being dirty as a slave or being filthy like an animal? Are slaves really filthy or the masters themselves? Where does their filthiness come from? If it is mind then neither Yank nor other firemen but the upper class people are, filthy so far as their thinking regarding superiority is concerned.  

   As the lower class people do not have their own belongingness, it also shows the question which are raised to their existence. All the workers like Paddy, Long, Yank etc. Consider that Transatlantic Ocean Liner as their own house but their livelihood is some thing serious problem caused in their life. Though they are force they are bound by their masters so it can be said that they are; free without freedom.

    As the industrial environment is presented as toxic and dehumanizing, O’Neill present how the laborers are seem by the masters also presents humanity is subsiding in this materialistic era. Yank has also been interpreted as representative of the human condition, alienated from nature by his isolated consciousness, unable to find belonging in any social group or environment. This play also reveals how deeply and rightly rigidity class is inscribed into American culture and the cultural and financial boundaries it erects.

                                                                                                             Thank you…

Deconstructed the song with the perspective of feminism.

           This song is sung by Narshinha Mehta, who was highly religion person and his life fully dedicated to Lord Krishna.

    But here I want to deconstruct this religious song with the perspective feminism. In the beginning of this song Narshinha Mehta compared ‘‘Nindra’’ with cheater women. So, here he tries to neglect ‘‘Nindra’’ and indirectly he tries to neglect women also, because they are cheater. They cheat ‘Man’ who are very humble, innocent, and also be cheat by women easily. So, here one question aroused in our mind that who is sung this song and why?  And came out with the answer is ‘MAN’ because maybe once upon a time he also cheated be ‘‘Nindra’’ that it’s disturbed him in ‘‘Bhakti’’ or if we seemed it on other side maybe he also disturbed by woman in his life.

    Moreover, if we seemed this ‘‘Nindra’’ with the perspective of archetypal symbol, ‘‘Nindra’’ actually come at night and night is the symbol of bad. All the bad things happened in night. So, here ‘‘Nindra’’ itself is bad or evil who come at night. Due to this he giving examples of which type of bad things happened at night that at the beginning of the night no one are going to sleep or everyone are awakening but gradually they sleep. On the second step those are awakening who are highly sensuous and wants to have sex. On the third step those are awakening who are thieves. And on the forth step saints are awakening who wants to please God with ‘‘Tapashcharya’’. But Nindra rather Women effect or disturbed them also. For Example – We have multiple stories about this that due to women they (saints) are defeated and destroyed their entire Tapashcharya. Viz, Vibhandaka, kalyashrungi, Vishvamitra, etc are failed because of women. But when we are going into deep and find out that all women are just like doll who are playing role on the stage so they are visible and that’s why they are pointed out but no one know about them who are behind the curtain and responsible for all the things. Here ‘‘INDRA’’ – MAN, who was responsible for all that because as we all are know that he has always in fear  about his position.

        Same as in ‘‘The Scarlet Letter’’ that people were believed that Hester is responsible for all that and when Hester standing on the scaffold (stage) everyone figure out that she is responsible for that sin.  Dimmesdale who also the part of that sin but publically he was good and godly kind of figure and looking that scene behind the curtain and having fear about his position. But at the end always women are punished. Women become the victim of all the things.

       Further, he talked about the effect of ‘‘Nindra’’ on Lord Rama that once upon a time Lakshmana goes into Nindra (sleep), due to that Sita was blamed. So, here we can say that

                               ‘‘Kare Koik, bhogve Koik’’.

Here the things done by Lakshmana but at the end who is punished? Obviously those who are in marginalized position. So, here Sita was blamed.

        If we looking at other side of this poem we should find out that if Rama was not accepted Sita rather neglected Sita then why not his ‘‘Bhakto’’(disciple). Because as we all are know that

                          ‘‘Vad eve Teta,

                           Bap eva Beta,

                           Guru eve Chela,

                           Bhagvan eva Bhakto’’.

       So, maybe his entire song surrounded on neglecting or avoiding women in the form of ‘‘Nindra’’.

       Afterward, his song become more critical that ‘‘Nindra’’ that rejected by Lakshmana till 12 years whereas Kumbhakarna accepted it and though we have God with us, we cannot faith in Nindra because when and where it is leave us and goes on the other hand we cannot say. On the other side if we seemed that Lakshmana rejected his wife till 12 years whereas Kumbhakarna maybe with his wife and though he has god, he cannot faith in women. Because through these lines we came to know that whether they accept or reject, they (women) still effect on men. Because what he believed that women are betrayed men, they cannot trust on them and God has power to change every things but here he also failed to change women mind that’s why he afraid that when they changed their mind that we cannot said.

     But on the other side if we looked we came to know that they having faith in God instead of women. But God himself is MAN and maybe that’s why they compared themselves with god as a powerful person than women. They kept themselves beyond where women cannot reach so that they could suppress on them. They used their power on them. And Lakshmana, and poet himself maybe that kind of person who wants to prove that they lived their life very well without women because women became hurdle or obstacle in their life.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Thank You… 

Conscience by H. D. Thoreau.

''Conscience''          

         H.D.Thoreau

Conscience is instinct bred in the house,

Feeling and Thinking propagate the sin

By an unnatural breeding in and in.

I say, Turn it out doors,

Into the moors.

I love a life whose plot is simple,

And does not thicken with every pimple,

A soul so sound no sickly conscience binds it,

That makes the universe no worse than 't finds it.

I love an earnest soul,

Whose mighty joy and sorrow

Are not drowned in a bowl,

And brought to life to-morrow;

That lives one tragedy,

And not seventy;

A conscience worth keeping;

Laughing not weeping;

A conscience wise and steady,

And forever ready;

Not changing with events,

Dealing in compliments;

A conscience exercised about

Large things, where one may doubt.

I love a soul not all of wood,

Predestinated to be good,

But true to the backbone

Unto itself alone,

And false to none;

Born to its own affairs,

Its own joys and own cares;

By whom the work which God begun

Is finished, and not undone;

Taken up where he left off,

Whether to worship or to scoff;

If not good, why then evil,

If not good god, good devil.

Goodness! you hypocrite, come out of that,

Live your life, do your work, then take your hat.

I have no patience towards

Such conscientious cowards.

Give me simple laboring folk,

Who love their work,

Whose virtue is song

To cheer God along. 

About the poem:

                 Every time society became villain for individual. Those who want to live their individual life; it is not possible in society. And society became hurdle for them.

     Here in this poem ‘‘Conscience’’ Thoreau also talks about same kind of things. ‘‘Conscience’’ stands for inner sense or individuality. Through this poem, poet frequently asks questions like,

           ‘‘Do I have my own conscience?’’

           ‘‘Where is my/ your individuality?’’

    The poem is actually in the form of debate where the speaker speaks to himself. The meaningful lines he share is:

           ‘‘I love a life whose plot is simple,

           And does not thicken with every pimple.’’

Speaker love that life, whose plot is simple and smoother. And the speaker clarifies that life is harder than Maths because there is no specific formula in life itself. What he meant here by pimple is problems which occur in life. Pimple, it is just like speed breaker and we don’t like speed breaker in our life.

      Further, he writes

             ‘‘I love an earnest soul

             Whose mighty joy and sorrow

             And not drowned in a bow!’’ 

and clarifies that same as earnest soul, conscience is difficult to define because it have very wider formed. So, we cannot put it in a bow. Through this he gave message to us that man should not be narrow minded. We are happy because society is happy and we are unhappy because it’s unhappy.

    Moreover, he is talking about hypocrisy and says that we all pretend to be good but in actuality are we good? Poet said that in actuality we are not good in the underneath lines:

             ‘‘I love a soul not all of wood,

            Predestinated to be good,

            But true to the backbone.

            Unto itself alone,’’

    But speaker told that we are good when we are alone. Because that time we really know about ourselves. Because solitude is good to know who you are.

    Same things Jayanta Mahapatra talked about in his poem

                                ‘‘Missing’’

Wherein he tries to find out himself with the questions like,

                    ‘‘Who am I?’’

                     ‘‘Where am I?’’

  Thoreau believes that life is beyond logic. Life is like a poem which can have multiple interpretations. First he capitalizes God in the line,

      ‘‘By whom the work which God begun.’’

Then he does not capitalize it in the line

        ‘‘If not good god, good devil’’

And then again he capitalizes Him in the line,

         ‘‘To cheer God along.’’

It clearly shows that he does not favor God but rather satirizes Him, and he blames God who made the poet.

      This poem we also compared with ‘‘The Scarlet Letter’’ because Hawthorn also speaks same things that Hester as a individual cannot live in society that’s why Hawthorn intentionally put her in forest rather in alone where she could find herself that who she is?